非谓语动词(一)
非谓语动词的功能
1. 作主语
【考题链接】
1. It’s no use without taking action.
(上海2011)
A. complain B. complaining
C. being complained D. to be complained 【B】
2. well in an interview will be an important part of getting a place at university.
(上海2010春)
A. Do B. Doing
C. Done D. Being done 【B】
【疑难分析一】动词不定式和动词的-ing形式都可以充当主语。有时主语过长，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语或动词-ing形式)放到句末。不定式或动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
2. 作宾语
【考题链接】
1. Lydia doesn’t feel like abroad. Her parents are old. (四川2011)
A. study B. studying
C. studied D. to study 【B】
2. Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read fast. (辽宁2011)
A. what B. who
C. how D. why 【C】
3. We feel our duty to make our country a better place. (天津2011)
A. it B. this
C. that D. one 【A】
【疑难分析二】动词不定式和动词-ing形式都可以充当宾语，也可用“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。如果作宾语的不定式短语或动词-ing形式后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语后面。
3. 作宾语补足语
【考题链接】
1. The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house. (全国I卷2011)
A. rose B. rising
C. to rise D. risen 【B】
2. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself of his own dreams. (重庆2011)
A. reminding B. to remind
C. reminded D. remind 【C】
3. Claire had luggage an hour before her plane left. (陕西2011)
A. check B. checking
C. to check D. checked 【D】
【疑难分析三】(1)不定式作宾语补足语表示将来的动作；动词-ing形式作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。(2)make, let, have等使役动词和see, watch, hear, feel等感官动词接不带有to的不定式作宾语补足语。(3)现在分词和过去分词用在see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, listen to, look at等感官动词和have, keep, leave等使役动词及介词with/without等短语后面作宾语补足语。
4. 作定语
【考题链接】
1. The ability an idea is as important as the idea itself. (湖南2011)
A. expressing B. expressed
C. to express D. to be expressed 【C】
2. Look over there. —there’s a very long, winding path up to the house. (山东2011)
A. leading B. leads
C. led D. to lead 【A】
3. The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. (全国II卷2011)
A. joining B. to join
C. joined D. having joined 【C】
【疑难分析四】一般情况下，不定式和所修饰的名词之间构成动宾关系；动词-ing形式作定语时，和所修饰的名词是逻辑上的主谓关系，并强调动作正在进行，过去分词作定语，所修饰的名词是过去分词动作的承受者，也可表示完成。
5. 作状语
【考题链接】
1.More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced people’s concern over food safety. (重庆2011)
A. to raise B. raising
C. to have raised D. having raised【A】
2. More highways have been built in China, it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. (陕西2011)
A. making B. made
C. to make D. having made 【A】
3. around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. (辽宁2011)
A. Gather B. To gather
C. Gathering D. To be gathering 【C】
【疑难分析五】非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语相一致。不定式表示动作还没有发生，常在句中作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语；动词-ing形式和句子主语构成主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时发生；过去分词与句子主语构成逻辑上动宾关系，过去分词表示的意义是被动和完成。动词-ing形式可以表示原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。 |
