动词不定式结构在句中可用作主语、主语补语、宾语、介词宾语、宾语补语、定语、状语等，通常表示动作还未发生。
1. v + to do / 疑问词 + to do。例如：
She decided to give up her job to look after her mother.
她决定放弃自己的工作来照料自己的母亲。
The students didn’t know where to go without the teachers’ instruction.
没有老师们的指导，学生们不知该去哪里。
【仿写】
① 我不知道该去问谁。
② 我们当然期望从你这里得到更多的信息。
2. v + sb. + to do sth.。例如：
How can you expect him to make progress if he doesn’t work?
假若他不工作，你怎能期望他取得进展呢？
【仿写】
他请求我帮他学英语。
3. could do nothing but (to) do。例如：
My grandfather could do nothing but (to) wait for the doctor to arrive.
我的祖父没有别的办法，只好等医生来。
【仿写】
他们什么也决定不了，只能等。
4. 通常用it作形式主语来代替动词不定式主语。例如：
To accept good advice is to increase one’s ability. 接受忠告就是增长自己的才智。
It took me three hours to climb up to the top of the mountain. 爬到山顶花了我三个小时。
【仿写】
我很荣幸能站在这里。
5. v+ it + adj. + to do sth.结构中把动词不定式置于补语之后。例如：
I find it difficult to talk to you about anything serious. 我发现难以同你谈任何正经的事。
【仿写】
我觉得要理解他真的很难。
6. 当名词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，用动词不定式作定语。例如：
John is a very hard-working student and he is always the first to get to school. 约翰是个非常勤奋的学生，他总是第一个到校。
【仿写】
萧文总是第一个到达办公室。
7. 为了避免重复，可用动词不定式符号“to”来代替出现过的动词不定式短语。例如：
— I wonder whether I may invite Mary to go to the party.
— Of course. I guess that she’d love to.
—— 我想知道我是否可以邀请玛丽来参加晚会。
—— 当然可以。我想她愿意来。
【仿写】
你今晚为什么没有出席晚会？我告诉过你的。
Keys：
1. ① I don’t know who to ask. ② Surely we expect to get more information from you.
2. He asked me to help him with English.
3. They could decide nothing but to wait.
4. It’s my honor to stand here.
5. I feel it really hard to understand him.
6. Xiao Wen is always the first to get to the office.
7. Why didn’t you turn up at the party tonight? You were told to.
|
